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| 1854 |
| | | The Boers establish the Orange Free State as an independent republic, with its own custom-built constitution | |
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| 1857 |
| | | The Boers of the southern Transvaal declare independence as the South African Republic | |
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| 1871 |
| | | 18-year-old English entrepreneur Cecil Rhodes, on a temporary visit to South Africa, arrives in the new diamond town of Kimberley | |
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| 1872 |
| | | Cetshwayo becomes king of Zululand, on the death of his father Mpande | |
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| 1876 |
| | | Scottish missionaries establish Blantyre (named after Livingstone's birthplace) as a centre from which to fight slavery | |
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| 1877 |
| | | Britain annexes the Boer republic in the Transvaal | |
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| 1879 |
| | | The British find a pretext to march into the territory ruled by Cetshwayo, thus launching the Zulu War | |
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| 1879 |
| | | Zulu tribesmen surprise and annihilate a British army encamped near Isandhlwana | |
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| 1879 |
| | | Immediately after Isandhlwana a tiny British garrison at Rorke's Drift fights off an overwhelming Zulu attack | |
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| 1879 |
| | | The British destruction of Cetshwayo's kraal at Ulundi ends the Zulu War | |
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